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Status Examination Neurology Anamnesis

Posts by. Blog-Health

Usually taking Anamnesis follows two General Patterns, namely :

1. Patients were allowed to freely express all the complaints and disorders suffered.2. Examiner (physician) guide patients express complaints or disorder with the questions addressed.
Taking a good Anamnesis Combine the two ways mentioned above.Interviews with patients usually begins by asking the name, age, occupation, address. Then ask the main complaint, that complaint which encourages patients come to see the doctor. In each complaint or abnormality worth exploring :

Since when starting
The nature and severity of
Location and Spread.
Relation to time (morning, noon, night, sleeping, time period, after eating, etc.)
Another complaint that has to do with the complaint
Previous treatment and how the results
Factors that make a complaint heavier or lighter
Travel complaints, whether sedentary, gain weight, grow light, comes in the form of attack, and so forth.

At each Neurological Disease must also explored the possibility of complaints or Abnormalities below by asking the following questions:
1. Headache : Do you suffer from headaches? How nature, in the form of an attack or is it constant? Where is it located? Are progressive, more and more severe or more frequent? Is to interfere with daily activities?
2. Vomiting : Is accompanied by nausea or not? Is this sudden vomiting, suddenly, as if the stomach contents dumped out (Projectile)?
3. Vertigo : Have you ever felt as if you are moving around, spinning or you feel yourself moving or spinning? Is it something to do with the sense of a change in attitude? Is accompanied by nausea or vomiting? Is accompanied by tinnitus (Ringing in the ears, Hhissing)?

4. Perception Disorders (Visual Acuity) : Is your visual acuity decreased in one or both eyes? Do you see the double (Diplopia)?
5. Hearing : Are there any changes in your hearing? Is there tinnitus (ringing noise / hiss in the ear)?
6. Nerves Brain : Is there interference smell, taste, salivation (saliva expenses), lacrimation (tear expenses), and the feeling in the face? Is there a weakness in the facial muscles? Is the speech so slurred and pelo? Did you change your voice so hoarse, or bindeng (dysphonia), or so shrink / disappear (afonia)? Is the speech so slurred and pelo (dysarthria)? Is it hard to swallow (dysphagia)?
7. Noble Function : What about memory? Are you so forgetful? Are you content to be difficult to express your thoughts (dysphasia, motor aphasia) or to understand the speech of others (dysphasia, sensory aphasia)? How about the ability to read (aleksia)? Would be difficult to read, and understand what you read? How about the ability to write, is the ability to write changes, writing changed?
8. Awareness : Have you ever suddenly lost consciousness, not knowing what is going on around you? Have you ever felt weak and like mendada like fainting (syncope)?
9. Motor : Is there any part of your body becomes weak, or lame (hands, arms, feet, legs)? How nature, relapsing-remitting, settled or reduced?
10. Do you become deft movement? Is there any movement on the part of the body or limb loss abnormal and you can not control (khorea, tremor, tick)?
11. Sensibility : Is there any change or disturbance in the sense of the body or limb? Is there a sense of numbness, tingling, stabbing, like burnt? Where is it? Is there a sense of the spread?
12. The autonomic nervous : How urination (micturition), bowel movement (defecation) and sexual desire (libido) you? Are there any retained or inkontinesia urine or alvi?
Physical Examination
• General Examination- Sensorium (awareness)
The level of consciousness is divided into a number of which are :• Normal: compost mentis
• somnolence: The state of drowsiness. Awareness can be fully recovered when stimulated. Somnolence also called lethargy. The level of consciousness is characterized by easy dibangungkan patient, able to give a verbal answer and deflect pain stimuli.• Sopor (stupor): Sleepiness deep. Patients can still be woken up by strong stimuli, but the realization soon dropped again.
He was still able to follow the messenger that is short and still look spontaneous movement. With the patient's pain stimuli can not be woken up perfectly. Reactions to command inconsistent and vague. Can not be obtained from the patient's verbal response. Motion motor to fend off pain stimuli still good.• Coma - light (semi-coma): In this situation there is no response to verbal stimuli. Reflexes (cornea, pupil, etc.) is still good. The movement arose primarily as a response to pain stimuli. Patients can not be woken.Comma (in or complete): No spontaneous movement. There is no answer at all to stimuli howsoever pain.
• Glasgow Coma ScaleTo keep track of the level of consciousness can be used the Glasgow coma scale attention responses (response) patients to stimuli and provide value to the response. Response / patient responses to note are:
Opening Eyes• Spontaneous 4• Against talktime of 3• With two pain stimuli• No reaks 1
Verbal response (speech)• Good and no disorientation 5• Disorderly ("confused") 4• Not exactly 3• Moaning 2• No answer 1
Motor response (movement)• Obeying 6• Knowing the location of pain 5• Reaction dodge 4• flexion reflex (decortication) 3• extension reflex (deserebrasi) 2• No reaction 1o Blood Pressureo Frequency pulseo Frequency of breatho Temperature
Neurological Examination
Head and Neck- Shape : symmetrical or asymmetrical- Fontanella : closed or not- Transillumination
For a full paper for Download : IN HERE

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Labels: Anamnesis, Health Science, Health Treatment, Neurology Anamnesis

Discussion Paper on Health and Disease Trigeminal Neuralgia

Posts by. Blog-Health

Trigeminal Neuralgia is a complaint one-sided facial pain attacks are repeated. Called Trigeminal neuralgia, facial pain is due to take place on one or more of the three branches of the nerve Trigeminal nerve. Nerves are large enough is located in the brain and carries sensation from the face to the brain. The pain is caused by a disturbance in Trigeminal nerve function in accordance with the regional distribution of innervation of one branch of Trigeminal nerve caused by a variety of causes.

Trigeminal Neuralgia attacks can last a few seconds to a minute. Some people feel mild pain, sometimes feels like being stabbed. While others feel the pain quite often, severe pain such as electric stun hit.

The prevalence of the disease is estimated at around 107.5 in men and 200.2 in women per one million population. The disease is more common on the right side than the left side of the face (ratio 3:2), and is a disease in adult age group (six to seven decades). Only 10% of cases occurring before the age of forty years. Another source said, the disease is more common in those aged over 50 years, although there are also young people and children.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a relatively rare disease, but it interfere with the person's life, but actually giving the drug to cope with Trigeminal neuralgia is usually quite effective. These drugs will block the pain signals sent to the brain, so that the pain is reduced, it's just a lot of people who do not know and Trigeminal Neuralgia misinterpreted as pain caused by abnormalities of the teeth, so the treatment is not complete.

Problem Formulation

What is the definition of trigeminal neuralgia and temporal arteritis?
Clinical manifestations of trigeminal neuralgia and temporal arteritis?
Investigations pasa trigeminal neuralgia and temporal arteritis?
These factors trigger anything on trigeminal neuralgia and temporal arteritis?
Our trip, trigeminal neuralgia disease and temporal arteritis?
Management of trigeminal neuralgia and temporal arteritis?
Askep trigeminal neuralgia and temporal arteritis?

Benefit

With the creation of this paper we can understand about trigeminal neuralgia and temporal arteritis and understand what a nurse should be done to deal with trigeminal neuralgia and temporal arteritis.

What is Trigeminal Neuralgia?

Trigeminal neuralgia is a complaint one-sided facial pain attacks are repeated. Called Trigeminal neuralgia, facial pain is due to take place on one or more of the three branches of the nerve Trigeminal nerve. Nerves are large enough is located in the brain and carries sensation from the face to the brain. The pain is caused by a disturbance in Trigeminal nerve function in accordance with the regional distribution of innervation of one branch of Trigeminal nerve caused by a variety of causes.

Trigeminal neuralgia attacks can last a few seconds to a minute. Some people feel mild pain, sometimes feels like being stabbed. While others feel the pain quite often, severe pain such as electric stun hit.

Another source said, the disease is more common in those aged over 50 years, although there are also young people and children.

For the Full Paper you can Download: IN HERE

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Labels: General Health, Health Science, Trigeminal Neuralgia

Science figures vaccine inventor Edward Jenner

Posts by. Blog-Health

Edward Jenner (1749-1823) was an English physician who discovered the vaccine for smallpox cure. He is the man who laid the foundation for immunology (science that studies the immune system).

Smallpox is a cause of death in the century -18. Jenner observed that among his patients, previously exposed to mild smallpox from cattle, have better immunity. In 1796 he presented a mild smallpox virus to a child. When the child was exposed to the smallpox virus that attacks humans, the child is not infected. He published his findings and became famous as the inventor of vaccination. He also introduced the term virus.

Vaccines

Through biotechnology lighting, various diseases caused by viruses have been avoided by the use of vaccines. The vaccine works effectively against diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses.

The basic principle of the use of the vaccine is the body produces antibodies to fight the virus attack. The vaccine is a suspension of microorganisms antigen (eg viral or bacterial pathogen) that a surface or toxins killed or weakened. Vaccine (vaccination) causes the body to react to form antibodies, thus resistant to pathogen infection later in life.

Making Vaccines

At first, the conventional vaccine is made. History records the discoveries of vaccines prevent disease pandemic. In 1796, Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for chicken pox.

In 1885, Louis Pasteur discovered a vaccine for Rabies. Then followed the inventor of vaccines for other diseases.

Several types of vaccines are made by conventional methods are as follows :

1. Vaccines derived from pathogens that have been turned off by chemicals or by heating. For example, influenza vaccine, cholera and hepatitis A. This type of vaccine immune responses while only form.

2. Vaccine derived from an attenuated pathogen. for example, measles and mumps vaccines. Type of vaccine immune response raises a longer time.

3. Vaccines from pathogenic microorganisms compounds made inactive. For example, the tetanus and diphtheria vaccines.

However, the conventional vaccine production is caused various adverse side effects, such as the following.

1. Pathogens that are used to make the vaccine may still perform metabolic processes (in micro-organisms such as bacteria)

2. Pathogens, which are used to make the vaccine may still have the ability to cause disease.

3. There are some people who are allergic to residual cells left over from the production of the vaccine, even though it made the process of purification.

4. The people who work in the manufacture of the vaccine may come in contact with the pathogen, although prevented by safety (masks and gloves).

To reduce this risk, it is now making vaccines developed using genetic engineering. The principles of genetic engineering in vaccine manufacture is as follows.

1. Isolate (separate) genes cause illness from viruses / pathogens.

2. Insert those genes into a bacterial cell or animal cell cultures. Bacterial cells or animal cells that have been inserted gene is called a recombinant.

3. Will produce recombinant antigens. Furthermore, recombinant be cultured, in order to obtain large amounts of antigen.

4. Antigen was extracted for use as a vaccine.

Examples of vaccines that have been made in this way is a vaccine for poliomyelitis disease, Godong, chicken pox, rubella, and rabies.